2 The beam model
The beam model described that the arch is a curve beam form by joint and ligamentous interconnection contribute to stability. Both ends of the beam are calcaneus and metatarsals. During weight bearing, compressive forces are generated to convex surface while the concave surface is being under tensile forces. These model is made from the strong ligaments that attach through forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot bones. Diagram of the beam model explained in Figure 2.2.