In order to meet the future demand for energy and to improve energy security in the USA, the Biofuels Security Act of 2007 proposed a requirement of 37.9 Hm3 of renewable fuels by 2010, 113.6 Hm3 by 2020, and 227.1 Hm3 by 2030. Also, a recent US congressional mandate requires that 79.5 Hm3 of renewable liquid fuel must come from feedstock other than maize (Ugarte et al., 2010). Such a mandate would require the use of crop and forest residues and dedicated-energy crops as potential sources of biomass. To develop an economically viable feedstock production system, inputs must be optimized to reduce the cost of production of biofuels below the level of fossil-fuel based energy. Further, a sustainable feedstock production system should be able to maintain or enhance soil fertility, productivity, and control soil erosion.