Cultures were grown aseptically in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 350 mL coconut milk or pineapple juice or tuna juice or YM medium and inoculated with 35 mL YM medium in the exponential
growth phase and incubated using a gyrating shaker (Gyrating water batch shaker model G76; New Brunswick Scientific, Edison, N.J.) at 150 rpm and 28 C, for 5 days. Kinetic experiments
were carried out in triplicate.