Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on a JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope at an accelera- tion voltage of 200kV. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker VERTEX 70 instrument using atten- uated total reflectance (ATR) mode with a resolution of 4cm−1 accumulating 32 scans. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were made using a Kratos Axis Ultra system with a monochromatized Al K radiation at 1486.6 eV as the X-ray source. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted on a Netzsch STA 409 PC thermal analyzer at a heating rate of 10◦C/min in a nitrogen atmosphere. The surface morphologies of the samples were examined using a Leica S440 scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated at an acceleration voltage of 10.0kV. Contact angles were measured using a CAM101 video camera based con- tact angle measurement system (KSV Instruments Ltd., Finland). For static contact angle measurements, 8- L water drops were placed on the fabric surface and still images were recorded. To measure the advancing and receding contact angles, a perpendicular syringe needle was maintained in contact with the
water drop and the substrate was slowly moved horizontally. The change of droplet shape due to the shift of the substrate was recorded by the video camera at a speed of 30 frames per second. At the instant when the drop was about to move, the contact angles at the advancing and receding contact lines were taken as the advancing and receding contact angles, respectively [25,26]. Washing fastness or durability was evaluated in reference to standard test method for fabric coating (AATCC Test Method 61-2006 test No. 2A). This standard wash procedure is equivalent to five cycles of home machine launderings. For convenience, we use the equivalent number of home machine launderings in this paper.