A study in 2001 found that HIV
prevalence was associated with 25 percent increase in underfive
mortality in Kenya between the late 1980s and the mid-
1990s [1, 27]. Other studies have also linked HIV epidemic
to the lack of decline in Kenya’s fertility rates experienced
during the late 1990s and early 2000, primarily through
its associations with elevated child mortality and reduced
duration of breastfeeding.