Thirty-nine surveys (76%) measured patient-related
barriers associated with no-adherence (Table II).
Twenty-four surveys (47%) solely identified these barriers
and 15 (29%) combined these barriers and barriers
from other dimensions. The most commonly
studied patient-related barriers were remembering to
take medication, patients’ beliefs about hypertension
or antihypertensive medications, and patient self-efficacy.
Johnson and Rogers developed the purposeful
action Medication Taking Questionnaire (MTQ),
which measures 3 domains of patients’ beliefs: perceived
need, perceived effectiveness, and perceived
safety of antihypertensive medications.34 Likewise, the
BMQ measures patients’ perceptions about the specific
necessity and concerns about medication use. In addition,
it measures patients’ perceptions about general
harm and general overuse of medications.19
Another patient-related barrier is self-efficacy (ie, a
person’s perception about his or her ability to perform
a specific behavior).35 Self-efficacy influences the initiation
and maintenance of health behaviors.36 In addition,
patients with higher self-efficacy scores were
found to have better adherence than those with low
self-efficacy.18 MASES measures patient self-efficacy with respect to adherence to antihypertensive medications
and this survey has evidence for its psychometric
properties