couplers investigated: g-aminopropyltri-ethoxysilane and
triethoxy- 1H,1H,2H,2H- tridecafluoro-n-octylsilane. In the
following discussion, these are called APTE and TDOS,
respectively. The organic functional groups of APTE and TDOS
have a hydrophilic amino group and contain fluorine atoms,
respectively. The ice adhesion forces to cooling hard glass and
copper oxide test plate surfaces are controlled by the characteristics
of thin films made from APTE and TDOS; that is, by
the organic functional groups of APTE and TDOS (Matsumoto
et al., 2013). In the following discussion, hard glass and copper
oxide test plates are more simply referred to as glass and
copper test plates, respectively. The glass test plate dimensions
were 40 mm 40 mm 2.0 mm, while the copper
test plate dimensions were 40 mm 40 mm 3.3 mm.
As