What designers think of users
The software developers at the CENA on both projects assumed that controllers 1. cannot
understand the technology; 2. do not know what they need; 3. cannot generate design
ideas. They presented "finished" ideas and were frustrated that the controllers only
criticized them. At both CENA and EDF, designers fear this aspect of talking to users.
They organize design debriefings to users as little real power as possible and to force
users to comment in design rather than use terms