Additional (numerical) analytical models for computing
airport delays have been developed over the
last few years. Peterson et al. (1995) and Daniel
(1995) describe two different models for computing
delays at hub airports, which are characterized by
sharp “banks” or “waves” of arrivals and departures.
Hansen (2002) has used a deterministic model, based
on the notion of cumulative diagrams, to compute
delay externalities at Los Angeles International Airport.
Finally, Long et al. (1999) and Malone (1995)
present two dynamic queueing network models and
their application to the study of congestion in the
National Airspace System. Ingolfsson et al. (2002)
offer a comprehensive survey and comparison of several
alternative approaches to the analysis of nonstationary
queueing systems.