Work and Kinetic Energy
The work that a force does on a body is related to the resultant change in the body's motion. To develop this relationship further, consider a body of mass m beging driven along a straight line by a constant force of magnitude F that is directed along the line. Newton's second law gives the acceleration of a body as follows:
F = ma
Suppose the speed increases from v1 to v2 while the body undergoes a displacement d. From standard analysis of motion, we know that
v21=v22+2ad
or
a=v22
Since F = ma,
F=mv22 - v21
therefore,
Fd = 12mv22
The poduct Fd is the work (W) done by the force (F) over the distance d. The quantity 1/2mv2 - That is, one-half the product of the mass of the body and the square of its velocity-is called its kinetic energy (KE)
The first term in the right-hand side of Equation 9-10, which contains the final velocity v2 is the final kinetic energy of the body, KE2, and the second term is the intitial kinetic energy,KE1. The difference between these terms is the change in kinetic energy. This leads to the important result that the work of the external force on a body is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the body, or
W=KE2 - KE1 = KE
Kinetic energy, like work, is a scalar quantity. The kinetic energy of a moving body, such as fluid flowing, depends only on its speed, not on the direction in which it is moving. The change in kinetic energy depends only on the work (W=Fd) and not in the individual values of F and d. This fact has important consequences in the flow of fluid.
For example, consider the flow of water over a dam with height, h. Any object that falls through a height h under the influence of gravity is said to again kinetic energy at the expense of its potential energy. Let's assume that water with mass m falls through the distance h, converting all its potential energy (mgh) into kinetic energy. Since energy must be conserved, the kinetic energy must equal the potential energy. Therefore,
Work and Kinetic Energy
The work that a force does on a body is related to the resultant change in the body's motion. To develop this relationship further, consider a body of mass m beging driven along a straight line by a constant force of magnitude F that is directed along the line. Newton's second law gives the acceleration of a body as follows:
F = ma
Suppose the speed increases from v1 to v2 while the body undergoes a displacement d. From standard analysis of motion, we know that
v21=v22+2ad
or
a=v22
Since F = ma,
F=mv22 - v21
therefore,
Fd = 12mv22
The poduct Fd is the work (W) done by the force (F) over the distance d. The quantity 1/2mv2 - That is, one-half the product of the mass of the body and the square of its velocity-is called its kinetic energy (KE)
The first term in the right-hand side of Equation 9-10, which contains the final velocity v2 is the final kinetic energy of the body, KE2, and the second term is the intitial kinetic energy,KE1. The difference between these terms is the change in kinetic energy. This leads to the important result that the work of the external force on a body is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the body, or
W=KE2 - KE1 = KE
Kinetic energy, like work, is a scalar quantity. The kinetic energy of a moving body, such as fluid flowing, depends only on its speed, not on the direction in which it is moving. The change in kinetic energy depends only on the work (W=Fd) and not in the individual values of F and d. This fact has important consequences in the flow of fluid.
For example, consider the flow of water over a dam with height, h. Any object that falls through a height h under the influence of gravity is said to again kinetic energy at the expense of its potential energy. Let's assume that water with mass m falls through the distance h, converting all its potential energy (mgh) into kinetic energy. Since energy must be conserved, the kinetic energy must equal the potential energy. Therefore,
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