Figure 4 shows the changes in the proportion of (i) enrolment in compulsory education(primary and lower secondary schools), the advancement to (ii) upper secondary schools, and (iii) to universities and junior colleges. In the late 1940s and the early 1950s, Japan had a solid background in basic education but did not have a fully established upper secondary and tertiary education. It took 20-25 years, until the mid-1970s, to achieve a respectable educational level. Of course, the meaning of education in the 1940s and 1950s was perhaps different from the present because of changes in the industrial structure and cultural background. But we can at least claim that the quantitative expansion of Japan’s educational system until the mid-1970s was an important factor in the country’s industrialization process.