of the x-terminal (RX) is employed for the charging and
discharging of the capacitor C1 rather than an external resistance,
as the case with op-amp circuits. The other parasitics
of the x-, y-, and z-terminals do not have a significant effect
on the operation of the circuit in the frequency range that we
are interested in, therefore, they are ignored in the analysis.
However, we will consider them in the simulation part for
completion. The current conveyor in the first stage operates
in the non-linear region, where its output switches between
1VSAT
113 V and 2VSAT
213 V. The switching
depends on the value of the voltage at the x-terminal (the
capacitor voltage) compared with the value of the voltage at
the y-terminal. The x-terminal voltage is determined by the
charge and discharge behavior of the capacitor C1 through
the internal resistor RX. The output of the first stage will
switch between its maximum
1VSAT and minimum
2VSAT when the capacitor voltage reaches the following
two threshold voltages [6]: