Previous studies suggest that animals, including elephants, may perform RQJ in order to maximize the benefits associated with feeding. Numerical cognition may also play an important role for elephants in keeping track of numbers of other elephants as the size of a herd fluctuates between dry and rainy seasons. The size of the herd fluctuates according to the amount of food available at the time. African elephants form smaller groups during dry seasons than during wet seasons [17]. Elephants are known to discriminate between individuals accurately and to keep track of the members in the current group [18]. The use of numerical information, such as the number of individuals in the group, may help them to facilitate this process. Moreover, elephants form herds consisting of far larger numbers of individuals than the object-file representation range [17]. The ability to accurately assess a number of individuals above the object-file range may be beneficial for the elephants.