Thus not all mathematical theorems and hence not all the truths of mathematics can be derived from the axioms of logic alone. This means that the axioms of mathematics are not eliminable in favour of those of logic. Mathematical theorems depend on an irreducible set of mathematical assumptions. Indeed, a number of important mathematical axioms are independent, and either they or their negation can be adopted, without inconsister.cy (Cohen, 1966). Thus the second claim of logicism is refuted