(NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs), which may provide a measure of genome damage and/or chromosomal instability. The nuclear division index (NDI), apoptotic cell rate (ACR) and necrotic cell rate (NCR) in 1000 cells per sample were scored to detect the cytostasis and cytotoxicity. 2.6. MDA assay Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by determining the rate of production of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive components, which was expressed as malon- dialdehyde (MDA) equivalents [30]. MDA level in blood plasma (0.2 ml) of each subject was measured using reagent kits (Jiancheng Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Absorbance was determined at a wavelength of 532 nm with a microplate spectrophotometer (Multscan, Thermo, USA).