define hope are a two-pronged cognitive construct, built from the aspects of"pathways" and"agency," Pathways reflect an individual's self perception of their capability to secure a plausible route to their personal goals. The second aspect, agency, relates to an individual's motivation to proceed toward goal achievement. Working in concert, these two components provide individuals with the means and motivation to achieve their personal goals. "Those lower in hope lack the ability to conceive of strategies to meet goals and to overcome obstacles and the motivation to pursue the strategies that lead to goal achievement". It is theorized here that CEOs high in reservoirs of hope will find more creative strategies for dealing with crises.