2.2. Extraction of safflower red pigment and coloring of wheat fiber
The extraction of safflower red pigment and coloring of wheat fiber were conducted with the modification method described by Yoon et al. (2001). The safflower petal was finely ground with a food blender in order to easily extract the safflower pigments. The ground safflower petal was placed in a cheese cloth bag and washed with water, at the top, for twenty-four hours to remove safflower yellow pigment, which is water-soluble. To extract safflower red pigments, which are solubilized in alkali condition, the washed safflower petal was added to ten volumes (v/w) of 0.1 N potassium carbonate solution (K2CO3) and stirred for twenty-four hours. To eliminate the petal, the extract solution passes through 2–3 layers of cheese cloth, and pH of the extracts solution (yellow color) was adjusted with 0.1 M acetic acid solution until pH 5.5–5.7 to red color of expression. And then, the colored wheat fiber was prepared as follows; the wheat fiber (WF) was colored with the safflower red pigment solution (1:10 ratio) and stirred for 12 h. After coloring, the wheat fiber colored with safflower red pigments (WFC) in the solution was separated with centrifugation at 6000 g for 15 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was discarded and the residues was collected. The residues obtained were dried in a 50 °C hot-air dryer (Enex-Co-600, Enexs, Korea) for twenty-four hours. The dried residues were powdered using a food blender, and the powder was passed through the 270 mesh testing sieves. The WFC collected was used to manufacture cooked sausages ( Fig. 1).
2.2 การสกัดผงดอกคำฝอยสีแดงและสีของเส้นใยข้าวสาลีThe extraction of safflower red pigment and coloring of wheat fiber were conducted with the modification method described by Yoon et al. (2001). The safflower petal was finely ground with a food blender in order to easily extract the safflower pigments. The ground safflower petal was placed in a cheese cloth bag and washed with water, at the top, for twenty-four hours to remove safflower yellow pigment, which is water-soluble. To extract safflower red pigments, which are solubilized in alkali condition, the washed safflower petal was added to ten volumes (v/w) of 0.1 N potassium carbonate solution (K2CO3) and stirred for twenty-four hours. To eliminate the petal, the extract solution passes through 2–3 layers of cheese cloth, and pH of the extracts solution (yellow color) was adjusted with 0.1 M acetic acid solution until pH 5.5–5.7 to red color of expression. And then, the colored wheat fiber was prepared as follows; the wheat fiber (WF) was colored with the safflower red pigment solution (1:10 ratio) and stirred for 12 h. After coloring, the wheat fiber colored with safflower red pigments (WFC) in the solution was separated with centrifugation at 6000 g for 15 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was discarded and the residues was collected. The residues obtained were dried in a 50 °C hot-air dryer (Enex-Co-600, Enexs, Korea) for twenty-four hours. The dried residues were powdered using a food blender, and the powder was passed through the 270 mesh testing sieves. The WFC collected was used to manufacture cooked sausages ( Fig. 1).
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