Mismatched cells within a module can result in some cells generating and some
dissipating power. In the worst case, the whole output of the ‘good’ cells can be
dissipated in the ‘bad’ cell when the module or string of modules is short-circuited.
Fig. 5.8 shows a string of cells with one bad cell and Fig. 5.9 shows the impact of the
bad cell on module output. The bad cell becomes reverse biased to the voltagegenerating capability of the good cells, as shown in Fig. 5.10.