The molecular machinery of cell migration includes
multiple complex steps involving the activation of many
key regulatory proteins. The cell motility usually begins
with the extension of the cellular membrane at the leading
edges known as lamellipodia and filopodia. The tips of
filopodia facilitate the interaction between cellular adhe-
sive molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) compo-
nents, and the cell’s body gradually moves forward through
the contraction of actin and myosin filaments [6]. Rho
GTPase proteins such as Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum
toxin substrate 1) and Cdc42 (cell division control protein