Quality and productivity improvement are most effective when they are an
integral part of the product realization process. ln particular, the formal intro-
duction of experimental design methodology at the earliest stage of the
development cycle, where new products are designed, existing product
designs improved, and manufacturing processes optimized, is often the key to
overall product success. This principle has been established in many different
industries, including electronics and semiconductors, aerospace, automotive,
medical devices, food and pharmaceuticals, and the chemical and process
industries. Designed experiments play a crucial role in the DMAIC process,
mostly in the improve step. Statistical design of experiments often is cited as
the most important of the Six Sigma tool kit, and it is a critical part of design
for Six Sigma (DFSS). The effective use of sound statistical"experimental design
methodology can lead to products that are easier to manufacture have higher
reliability, and have enhanced field. performance. Experimental design can also
greatly enhance process development and improvements activities. Designed
experiments, and how to use them in these types of applications, are the primary focus of this section.