A protected left turn occurs when the traffic light has a green arrow for your lane. In this case, you have the right-of-way to turn left. If the traffic light has a solid green light for your lane, this means that you have an unprotected left turn for your lane. In this case, you must yield the right of way to oncoming vehicles before making your turn.
Preview Scan for Hazards—Other Vehicles, Pedestrians, Bicycles
Before making a left turn at a controlled intersection, first scan your route for vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Also look for stationary hazards, such as construction barriers, stalled vehicles, wrecks, or even debris.
When you want to turn left, right, or off the otherwise direct course you are following on a highway, wait for a reasonably safe moment before making your move and always give the appropriate signals before doing so.
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Preview Vehicle Position — Before and After Turn
The optimum position for your vehicle is either in a left turn lane that has been provided or as close as possible to the center dividing line. Do not turn before entering the intersection. Drive into the intersection and stop about one lane's width from the center line. As soon as the oncoming traffic has passed you, or there is a large enough gap in the traffic flow, complete your turn. Make sure no vehicle is making a right turn into the cross street before you make your move. Do not turn too soon and cut the corner. You may complete your turn in any lane lawfully available.
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Preview When Your View Is Blocked
If your view of the intersection is blocked, move on to the next intersection and turn there rather than risk moving into an area you cannot see.
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A protected right turn occurs when the traffic light has a green arrow for your lane. In this case, you have the right of way to turn right. If the traffic light has a solid green light for your lane, this means that you have an unprotected right turn for your lane. In this case, you must yield the right-of-way to other vehicles and bicyclists already in the intersection, as well as pedestrians who have started or are about to cross the road in your path.
Preview Scan for Hazards — Other Vehicles, Pedestrians, Bicycles
As with left turns, before making a right turn at a controlled intersection, scan your route for vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians. You should also look to the left for vehicles coming toward you and for stationary hazards, including construction barriers, stalled vehicles, wrecks, or debris.