In 1947 paul H. Appleby defined public administration as public leadership of public affairs directly responsible for executive action. In a democracy it has to do with such leadership and executive action in terms that respect and contribute to the dignity the worth and the potentials of the citizen. One year later Gorodon Clapp then Chairman of the Tennessee Valley Authority defined public administration as a public instrument whereby democratic society may be more completely realized. This implies that it must relate itself to concepts of justice liberty and fuller econnmic opportunity for human beings and is thus concerned with people with idear and with things. According to James D. Carroll & Alfred M.Zuck the publication by Woodrow Wilson of his essay The Study of Administation in 1887 is generally regarded as the beginning of public administation as a speciific field of study