The data for this research come from a larger project examining administrative arrangements of local programs in Thailand.5 The sample includes 4116 cases, most of which are based on collaborative networks (69%). These cases represent a wide geographical area (North, Northeast, Central, and South) as well as local policy areas. We focus on the programs that were newly initiated after 2000 in order to equalize the effect of the national devolution policy which was implemented in 1999. We do not compare local program arrangements before and after the implementation of devolution policy. This may cause an omitted-variable bias (the effect of devolution on network formation). It also ignores the programs that have been implemented before 2000, where collaborative modes may be well established, but would result in distorted pictures of local collaborations (underrepresentation). Notwithstanding, the variation of network formation across cities allows us to examine cross-sectional differences reasonably well with the equalization of devolution effects to all localities.