These cytokines’ levels got highly elevated in
diabetic groups. Elevations of these cytokines from the normal
levels are strictly proangiogenic. The increased production of IL-
1b and TNF-a increase vascular permeability and the expression
of adhesion molecules (Célia et al., 2010). Animals treated with extract
of TC showed a regulatory effect on the retinal cytokine elevation,
however, cytokine levels did not reach the normal value.
Other authors have also shown antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory
activities of T. cordifolia (Leyon and Kuttan, 2004)..