INTRODUCTION
The global prevalence of CKD is estimated to be more than 10%, and CKD has emerged as a public health problem.
Adverse outcomes of CKD such as kidney failure, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and premature death can be prevented or delayed when treatment is initiated in the early stages of disease.
As the earlier stages are often asymptomatic, CKD is usually detected during laboratory evaluation of comorbid conditions.