However, the natural condition of aquaculture
system, which is rich in inorganic nitrogen, could not sustain BFT. Thus, additional carbon is required to
obtain a suitable C/N ratio for effective formation of bioflocs complex. This study focused on the
determination of optimum C/N ratio by varying the dosage of carbon introduced into the system. Five
different C/N ratios (i.e. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30) were evaluated in treating the aquaculture system culturing
Clarias gariepinus to an acceptable water quality. Bioflocs density and water quality parameters were
monitored throughout the treatment period. The highest removal of ammonia was achieved at 98.7%
with the formation of 92.5 mL L1 of bioflocs concentration at an optimum C/N ratio of 15. The results
show that the utilization of BFT can potentially provide a sustainable and low maintenance treatment of
aquaculture system.