The three-level NPC inverter (3L-NPC) also has several modified and enhanced versions for PV string inverters. The advantage of the 3L-NPC over the H-bridge is that it provides a three-level output without a switched common-mode voltage since the neutral of the grid is grounded to the same potential as the midpoint of the dc link. This enables transformerless operation without the problem of the leakage currents and modulation methods that do not use the potential of the converter. The main drawback compared to the H-bridge is that it requires a total dc link of double the voltage to connect to the same grid. Hence, more modules need to be connected in series or an additional boost stage is required. A full-bridge of two 3L-NPC legs was introduced by ABB, resulting in the 5L-HNPC inverter. As with the H-bridge, this converter also requires a symmetrical grid filter distributed between the grid phase and grid neutral wires. A special modulation technique can achieve a line frequency common-mode voltage; hence, no leakage currents are generated while enabling transformerless operation. The T-type or three-level transistor clamped string inverter was introduced by Conergy. The converter can clamp the phase of the grid directly to the neutral to generate the zero voltage level using a bidirectional power switch. For the same reason as the 3L-NPC, it can operate transformerless. The main difference is that it does not require the two additional diodes of the 3L-NPC. The bidirectional switches block each half of the voltage blocked by the phase-leg switches.