The forces exerted on a container's contents in transit by road, rail, ship or gantry crane are considerable. If the contents are not properly secure, no matter how heavy, damage will occur
Do not try to undercut costs by not packaging goods properly. This often leads to crushed, unsalable goods. Appropriate packaging should be used to protect your investment
Remember free space in a container increases the risk of cargo shifting. Packaging that fits in exactly (i.e. Cardboard boxes) will reduce dead space and reduce the cost of dunnage. All loose items must be chocked / lashed
Stretch or shrink wrap is great for protection against wet damage. It's not cheap but could save you money in the long run
Dunnage: materials of various types, often timber or matting, placed among the cargo for separation, and hence protection from damage, for ventilation and, in the case of certain cargoes, to provide a space in which the tynes of a forklift truck may be inserted
Use dunnage to protect non-unitised cargoes from damage
Ensure that dunnage is not wet or made from unseasoned wood as this may cause condensation and damage. Be careful to check the quarantine regulations in the port of destination as they may require the dunnage to be treated or fumigated
Airbags are a modern method which are easier to use than conventional shoring. Remember not to place them where they can force open the doors