This Human-powered hybrid electric vehicle can become asolution to personal transportation in an environment where atmospheric pollution must be limited, where automotive traffic overcrowding is severe, and where parking space in
urban centers is not available. Electrical bicycles offer extremely efficient, pollution-free transportation for urban and
suburban areas, and the addition of electric drive extends theirrange. Motorized bicycles are an economic and ecological
vehicle suitable for all ages; the use of a helmet is not compulsory; they will not normally require registration and
taxes, licensing or operator qualification.The motor action is progressively reduced and finally interrupted if a 25 km/h speed is reached (such speed limit is imposed for security reasons), if the cyclist stops pedaling or if the brake is used. Pedaling is the main form of propulsion,while the motor gives extra speed, especially uphill. The electrical drive consists of four main components:
1) a motor
2) a power transmission system
3) a control system or electronic control unit [ECU]
4) a battery pack
The battery pack and thus the vehicle autonomy is the main aspect to be focused on. In this sense, a closed loop control
circuit for the output power control has been studied to be implemented in the electrical drive, avoiding undesired accelerations and increasing the battery range. Such a solution is not commercially available. The recovering of the braking energy by means of the super capacitor technology can determine a reduction of the electromagnetic stresses on the battery pack, so that a longer battery life is achieved.The XC866 microcontroller has an enhanced 8051 core with a minimum of 2 clocks per machine cycle rather than the standard 12 clocks per machine cycle. The memory size is 4/8/16K bytes, enough for all types of electric bicycles. It has a powerful capture compare unit (CCU6) designed
specifically for motor drive application. To complement the CCU6 is a feature-rich 10-bit, 8-channel ADC module that is
designed to work closely with the CCU6 and can be programmed to perform some tasks automatically. This is an important characteristic for sensor less BLDC control, as this not only reduces the code size, more importantly it reduces the CPU load. The trend now for electric bicycles is towards sensor less BLDC control. The weakness of the sensor BLDC control is vulnerability of the Hall sensors, which can be spoiled by extreme temperature, humidity, wetness, vibration
etc. The electric bicycle, being an outdoor vehicle, will be subjected to these things regularly. Even bad wiring can incapacitate the electric bicycle. Most electric bicycle failures are related to the Hall sensors of the motor. Apart from the Hall sensors, the rest of the motor is very rugged, the magnet,coil and the metal casing do not spoil easily. Another advantage of the sensor less BLDC control is the higherefficiency as compared to the sensor control. Badly placed hall sensors in a motor can cause lower than expected efficiency.