In the picturebook And Tango Makes Three, authors Justin Richardson and Peter Parnell tell
the story of a family of penguins. The work is accessible to even the youngest reader. The
family-building adventures of Roy and Silo, two male Chinstrap penguins living in captivity
together in a zoo, provide the main action in the story, especially when a baby penguin,
Tango, becomes a part of their family. And even though they form a different sort of family
as compared to other animal families in the zoo, the text demonstrates that Roy, Silo, and
Tango are a valid family. And Tango Makes Three shows that adoptive families, even when
the adoptive parents share the same gender, are natural family formations.
The idea that natural families come in all sorts of packages—all equally valid if the members
are found to be happy and well-functioning—has found disagreement in the arena of public
opinion in the United States, as documented by recent movements to ban same-sex marriage.
For example, in 2008, the citizens of California voted to deny committed, same-sex couples
the right to marriage. The marriage ban was overturned in court. This ruling was challenged.
Eventually the case was heard by the Supreme Court, the 2013 decision of which effectively
restored the overturning of the marriage ban. In his arguments before the appellate court,
Charles Cooper, an attorney who represented the sponsors of the gay marriage ban in the
appeal, advanced the position that the “key reason that marriage has existed at all, in any
society, and at any time, is that sexual relationships between men and women naturally
produce children.”
1
In the picturebook And Tango Makes Three, authors Justin Richardson and Peter Parnell tell
the story of a family of penguins. The work is accessible to even the youngest reader. The
family-building adventures of Roy and Silo, two male Chinstrap penguins living in captivity
together in a zoo, provide the main action in the story, especially when a baby penguin,
Tango, becomes a part of their family. And even though they form a different sort of family
as compared to other animal families in the zoo, the text demonstrates that Roy, Silo, and
Tango are a valid family. And Tango Makes Three shows that adoptive families, even when
the adoptive parents share the same gender, are natural family formations.
The idea that natural families come in all sorts of packages—all equally valid if the members
are found to be happy and well-functioning—has found disagreement in the arena of public
opinion in the United States, as documented by recent movements to ban same-sex marriage.
For example, in 2008, the citizens of California voted to deny committed, same-sex couples
the right to marriage. The marriage ban was overturned in court. This ruling was challenged.
Eventually the case was heard by the Supreme Court, the 2013 decision of which effectively
restored the overturning of the marriage ban. In his arguments before the appellate court,
Charles Cooper, an attorney who represented the sponsors of the gay marriage ban in the
appeal, advanced the position that the “key reason that marriage has existed at all, in any
society, and at any time, is that sexual relationships between men and women naturally
produce children.”
1
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