interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA level, probably through the inhibition of p38 MAP kinase and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. In LDLR −/− mice
fed a high-cholesterol–high-sucrose diet, supplementation with DHA reaching up to 2% of daily energy intake enhanced the insulin-dependent AKT
phosphorylation and reduced the PKC-θ activation in skeletal muscle. Therefore, DHA used at physiological doses participates in the regulation of muscle lipid
and glucose metabolisms by preventing lipotoxicity and inflammation.
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