Krashen (1988, p.22) mentioned the following factors which are rather related to
motivation that will attempt to relate the second language ability to these two functions.
1. Integrative motivation, defined as the desire to be a part of recognized or important members of the community or that society that speak the second language. It is based on interest in learning the second language because of their need to learn about, associate or socialize with the people who use it or because of purpose or intention to participate or integrate in the second language using the same language in that community; but sometimes it involves emotion or affective factors a great deal. (Saville-Troike, 2006, p. 86)
2. Instrumental motivation involves the concepts of purely practical value in learning the second language in order to increase learners’ careers or business opportunities, giving them more prestige and power, accessing scientific and technical information, or just passing a course of their study in school. (Saville-Troike, 2006, p. 86)