Jakarta’s earliest history centres on the port of SundaKelapa, in the north of the modern city. When the Portuguese arrived in 1522, SundaKelapa was a bustling port of the Pajajaran dynasty, the last Hindu kingdom of West Java. By 1527 the Portuguese had gained a foothold in the city, but were driven out by SunanGunungjati, the Muslim saint and leader of Demak. He renamed the city Jayakarta, meaning ‘victorious city’, and it became a fiefdom of the Banten sultanate