5. Hybrid System Solar Cell/Thermoelectric Module (SC/TEM)
The hot surface of the TEM is connected to a heat sink to enhance heat extraction. The other side of the TEM, i.e. the cold side, is attached to the back side of the solar cell as shown in Fig. 5. In a sunny day and for several hours during the day, the cell temperature as exposed to solar irradiations, can reaches up to 60–80 °C.