With the samples drawn in the study, we estimated that more than one-third (38.5%) of the rural elderly people aged sixty years and above in southern China were suffering from any of the five major NCDs. Of the diseased group, the number of people aged seventy years and above was obviously higher than that of the disease-free group. Some studies have reported that chronic diseases affected people of all ages, and the prevalence of chronic disease was strongly related to age [25,26]. In this study, the result of regression analysis showed similar findings that aging was positively associated with the presence of major NCDs, especially for the 70–79 and 80–89 years age groups. A higher level of education was also associated with the likelihood of developing major NCDs, which might be due to the low proportion of high education among the elderly participants.