Treatment of OSA
The first-line ‘gold standard’ treatment for
OSA is continuous positive airway pressure
(CPAP) (NICE, 2010). The role of CPAP has
been well documented and was first introduced
in Australia by Sullivan et al (1981).
The treatment consists of a CPAP machine,
tubing, and a suitable tight-fitting mask to be
worn over night with a pressure in cmH2O that
is specific to the patient’s airway in order to
treat and prevent collapse (Figure 3). The pressure/flow
should be a measurement specific to
the individual’s airway. The flow assists in
splinting the upper airway open and optimizes
oxygen delivery. It involves self-ventilation and
is a form of respiratory support rather than
mechanical ventilation (Tan and Oh, 1997).
CPAP has been found to be effective when
a positive pressure is maintained to stabilize
the airway. This treatment also prevents the
collapse of the alveoli so that a larger surface
area for gas exchange can be generated
(Evans and Tippins, 2008).
A correct assessment by a skilled sleep
practitioner is required as to whether a nasal
or full face mask is applied. Poor mask application
can have an effect on the delivery of