The first model is that of Kohlberg (1984) who identified six developmental. stages of moral decision-making based primarily on the concept of justice:
1) Punishment. A behavior is moral if one does not receive punishment for it. bad behavior is punished.
2) Instrumental egoism. Behavior is good if it meets the needs and wants ofa person.
3) Interpersonal concordance. Behavior is moral if it reflects a consideration of others and meets with their approval.
4) Law and duty to social the order. What is moral is defmed by fIXed rules that all must obey. Individual beliefs are subordinated to authority for the good of all.
5) Societal consensus. Moral behavior is voluntary, and rules for behavior are democratic.
6) Nonarbitrary social cooperation. Moral behavior is a product of rational and impartial decisions-maikng, with a concern for the implications of behavior for others. Kohlberg's levels show a progression in moral development and moral judgment from preoccupation with concerns of the self, to conformity to norms and rules of one's own social environment, and finally to concern for more universal principles