The managers interviewed saw the causes of corruption to lie mainly in individual reasons, e.g. unethical attitudes of staff members. At the same time, they overlooked various institutional factors, ignoring the fact that corruption is a result of various societal, organisational and personal factors, well stated by Ashforth and Anand (2003). Societal values, organisational decision-making, formal and informal organizational
296 culture all account in creating deviant workplace culture (Cohen, 1995). Moreover, the respondents argued that managers were unlikely to find themselves in risky situations,
since they were under strict public scrutiny.