Racism towards Thailand's ethnic minorities[edit]
Thailand's ethnic minorities have been subjected to widespread racism in Thailand for a very long time. Especially the 1 million-over members of Thailand's hill tribes were viewed as being illiterate drug peddlers and opium-growers, with Thai mainstream media perpetuating this image. According to Dr Chayan Vaddanaputti of Chiang Mai University, this was not always the case: "Earlier, they were seen by ordinary people in the lowlands as 'friends' and trading partners in a mutually symbiotic relationship between the hills and the valleys. But growing environmental problems after Thailand's national social and economic development plans took off in the late '60s and early '70s, and an influx of Vietnamese migrants during the Vietnam War changed this relationship forever. Then they became the enemies, the 'other'. The demonization and criminalization of ethnic minorities, and the perpetuation of the myth that they are non-Thai, has been embedded since then in Thai textbooks, in Thai history and in the mainstream media."[1] Extrajudicial killings, torture, disappearances, and intimidation of members of Thailand's hilltribes by Thai police and military were especially ruthless under prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra's "War on Drugs", which started in 2003, based on the aforementioned stereotyping of the hilltribes.[2]
The Muslim Malay Patani kingdom of southern Thailand was incorporated into the Thai state in 1785 CE. Being called khaek ("foreigner"or "guest"), the Thai Malays were subjected to discriminatory actions and political suppression, especially during the regimes of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram and the Thaification policies of the mid 20th century. The South Thailand insurgency of the past 10 years, has repeatedly been met with brutal force by successive Thai governments, especially under the Thaksin Shinawatra administration.[3][4]
Thai Chinese, who now make up 14% of Thailand's population, also have had to bear xenophobic sentiments. Besides having had their Chinese languages and writing suppressed during the Thaification period of the mid 20th century, those of Chinese descent have been forced to change their last names to "Thai" sounding names.
Thailand has had long standing racial issues with South Asians and Middle Easterners,[citation needed] who collectively are also called khaek, meaning "foreigner" or "guest". This remnant from the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom can be used in a neutral manner but it can also be used as a racial slur
Racism towards Thailand's ethnic minorities[edit]Thailand's ethnic minorities have been subjected to widespread racism in Thailand for a very long time. Especially the 1 million-over members of Thailand's hill tribes were viewed as being illiterate drug peddlers and opium-growers, with Thai mainstream media perpetuating this image. According to Dr Chayan Vaddanaputti of Chiang Mai University, this was not always the case: "Earlier, they were seen by ordinary people in the lowlands as 'friends' and trading partners in a mutually symbiotic relationship between the hills and the valleys. But growing environmental problems after Thailand's national social and economic development plans took off in the late '60s and early '70s, and an influx of Vietnamese migrants during the Vietnam War changed this relationship forever. Then they became the enemies, the 'other'. The demonization and criminalization of ethnic minorities, and the perpetuation of the myth that they are non-Thai, has been embedded since then in Thai textbooks, in Thai history and in the mainstream media."[1] Extrajudicial killings, torture, disappearances, and intimidation of members of Thailand's hilltribes by Thai police and military were especially ruthless under prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra's "War on Drugs", which started in 2003, based on the aforementioned stereotyping of the hilltribes.[2]The Muslim Malay Patani kingdom of southern Thailand was incorporated into the Thai state in 1785 CE. Being called khaek ("foreigner"or "guest"), the Thai Malays were subjected to discriminatory actions and political suppression, especially during the regimes of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram and the Thaification policies of the mid 20th century. The South Thailand insurgency of the past 10 years, has repeatedly been met with brutal force by successive Thai governments, especially under the Thaksin Shinawatra administration.[3][4]
Thai Chinese, who now make up 14% of Thailand's population, also have had to bear xenophobic sentiments. Besides having had their Chinese languages and writing suppressed during the Thaification period of the mid 20th century, those of Chinese descent have been forced to change their last names to "Thai" sounding names.
Thailand has had long standing racial issues with South Asians and Middle Easterners,[citation needed] who collectively are also called khaek, meaning "foreigner" or "guest". This remnant from the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom can be used in a neutral manner but it can also be used as a racial slur
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