Evaluations of behavioral safety interventions can be based on a variety of outcome measures. Minimally, researchers must show that a behavioral safety intervention produced the desired behavioral change. Because the targeted at-risk behaviors inmost instances are known to be directly related to the occurrence of injuries or other adverse health outcome, obtaining a quantifiable change in those at-risk behaviors may be a sufficient end-outcome to demonstrate intervention effectiveness. The same quantified behavioral outcomes also can be used to assess the long-term maintenance effects of the intervention. A more thorough assessment of intervention effectiveness might also include one ormore health outcome measures, such as changes in the rates of injuries, illnesses, or fatalities; however, because many work-related safety and health outcomes develop long after the initial exposures to the hazard occurs, it is not always feasible to use illness or disease as a measure of intervention effectiveness (Hopkins et al., 1986).