The Application Layer
The application layer is concerned with the semantics of data, i.e., what the data
means to applications. The application layer provides standards for supporting a
variety of application-independent services. Examples include:
· Virtual terminal standards to allow applications to communicate with different
types of terminals in a device-independent manner.
· Message handling system standards used for electronic mail.
· File transfer, access, and management standards for exchanging files or parts
thereof between different systems.