The review of the literature will include (a) research on experimentation skills; (b)
research on evidence evaluation skills; and (c) research that takes an integrated approach.
In these integrative investigations, participants actively engage in all aspects of the scientific
discovery process so that researchers can track the development of conceptual knowledge
and reasoning strategies. Such studies typically include methodologies in which
participants engage in either partially guided or self-directed experimentation for either a
single session or over the course of several weeks. Studies that focus specifically on conceptual
development in various scientific domains (e.g., physics, biology) will not be discussed
here