There is worldwide interest in buffalo as an animal for meeting the growing demands of meat, milk and work in the
developing countries. One of the major constraints to full exploitation of the productive potential of buffalo has been its inherently low
reproductive efficiency as reflected by late maturity, poor expression of oestrus, silent oestrus, irregular oestrous cyclicity, seasonality in
breeding, anoestrus, low conception rate, long postpartum interval, repeat breeding etc. Ovarian cyclicity is regulated by endocrine and
neuroendocrine mechanisms namely hypothalamic hormones, gonadotropins and ovarian steroids. Detailed endocrine investigations are
suggested with special reference to the hypothalamo-hypophysial-ovarian axis to gain a better understanding of reproduction in buffalo
and to modify it to derive the maximum benefit from this animal. (Key Words : Buffalo, Gonadotropins, Ovarian Steroids,
Reproductive Efficiency)