inch in diameter and were raised slightly above the surface of the response con-
sole to facilitate responding.
All RT tasks were nonverbal in content. The test stimuli consisted of geomet-
rical figures of varying color and size and the tasks required participants to distin-
guish between shapes, sizes, and color. Some of the tasks included in this battery
were variations of RT tasks typical in research with adults.
Computer programs for all the RT tasks included in the battery were run using
a software timer. The timer ensured that all measured RTs were accurate to with-
in 1 ms. The timer used in this battery was adapted from the timer used by
Hormann and Allen (1987); they developed a timer to measure response time as
the interval from the onset of the display to time at which the response key was
pressed, with no home button in use. Hormann and Allen’s timer was adapted to
measure from the onset of the display to release of the home button, thereby
measuring only RT and not RT plus movement time (Lee & Miller, 1995); move-
ment time was not recorded. In addition, the current programs were designed
such that the presentation of the display is contingent on pressing the home but-
ton. Display times are accurate to plus or minus 17 ms.
All eight RT tests included in the battery began with six practice trials that
were not included in the calculation of a participant’s mean RT. During the prac-
tice trials, a tone was used to signal an incorrect response; no feedback was given
during the actual test trials. A tune was used to signal the end of the practice trials
and a different tune was used to signal the end of the test trials. For all tests, the
red response key was used to indicate “same” or “yes,” and the yellow response
key was used to indicate “different” or “no.” For all but one of the RT tests, the
actual size of the stimuli presented on the screen was approximately .5 inch in
height by .5 inch in width. The time between pressing the home button and the
appearance of a test stimulus or item varied randomly between 500 to 1,500 ms.
inch in diameter and were raised slightly above the surface of the response con-
sole to facilitate responding.
All RT tasks were nonverbal in content. The test stimuli consisted of geomet-
rical figures of varying color and size and the tasks required participants to distin-
guish between shapes, sizes, and color. Some of the tasks included in this battery
were variations of RT tasks typical in research with adults.
Computer programs for all the RT tasks included in the battery were run using
a software timer. The timer ensured that all measured RTs were accurate to with-
in 1 ms. The timer used in this battery was adapted from the timer used by
Hormann and Allen (1987); they developed a timer to measure response time as
the interval from the onset of the display to time at which the response key was
pressed, with no home button in use. Hormann and Allen’s timer was adapted to
measure from the onset of the display to release of the home button, thereby
measuring only RT and not RT plus movement time (Lee & Miller, 1995); move-
ment time was not recorded. In addition, the current programs were designed
such that the presentation of the display is contingent on pressing the home but-
ton. Display times are accurate to plus or minus 17 ms.
All eight RT tests included in the battery began with six practice trials that
were not included in the calculation of a participant’s mean RT. During the prac-
tice trials, a tone was used to signal an incorrect response; no feedback was given
during the actual test trials. A tune was used to signal the end of the practice trials
and a different tune was used to signal the end of the test trials. For all tests, the
red response key was used to indicate “same” or “yes,” and the yellow response
key was used to indicate “different” or “no.” For all but one of the RT tests, the
actual size of the stimuli presented on the screen was approximately .5 inch in
height by .5 inch in width. The time between pressing the home button and the
appearance of a test stimulus or item varied randomly between 500 to 1,500 ms.
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