Conventional mobile-broadband (MBB) applications will continue to drive demand for higher traffic capacity and higher end-user data rates within the wireless-access network. In terms of traffic demand, predictions range from hundreds of times to more than a thousand times higher traffic in the next 10 years. Most of this traffic, primarily video, will come from “conventional” mobile broadband access. But compared to the networks of today future wireless networks must offer radically lower cost and energy consumption per delivered bit to carry the massive traffic affordably and sustain-ably.