Health literacy was measured in our model (Figure 1) by stroke knowledge of warning signs and risk factors as well as correctly identifying personal health conditions as stroke risk factors. Low knowledge of risk factors and warning signs for stroke has been documented in large-scale surveys.9,15–18 People are generally able to name risk factors such as stress, high blood pressure, diet, and smoking as causes of stroke, but do not identify health conditions such as atrial fibrillation or diabetes. Our data supported