Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed isometric handgrip exercises over at least four weeks duration in
adults were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes comprised changes in resting SBP and DBP. Patient age ranged from 20
to 80 years of age. Studies were undertaken in Canada and USA, predominantly in a university setting. Initial blood
pressure status varied across studies and included patients who were normotensive, hypertensive and prehypertensive.
Two studies used a similar isometric handgrip training protocol; one study limited training to the dominant arm.
Intervention duration ranged from eight to 10 weeks with three sessions per week. Assessment of resting blood
pressure varied across studies.