Abstract
CFD analysis was performed to examine the characteristics of contaminated indoor air ventilation in a simpli4ed two-dimensional room
model. To evaluate the e&ectiveness of exhaust openings, we introduced a new index, IECV, showing the e&ectiveness of contaminant
ventilation, using the product of the concentration of the contaminant in the air and the portion of the air vented from an exhaust opening.
We then applied these concepts to the more realistic case of inhalation by a human occupant in a room with three-dimensional CFD,
assuming the human mouth at inhalation to be an exhaust opening. It was found that the region of inhalation was greatly in8uenced by
the rising stream of air resulting from the heat generated by metabolic activity. Corresponding to the index IECV, we de4ned another new
index, IECI, showing the e&ects of contaminant inhalation. Using IECI and other factors, the characteristics of contaminant inhalation
by an occupant in the room were examined in detail for some common human postures. c 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
reserved.