Kimchi powder was manufactured using each fermented kimchi
which reached the pH 4.1–4.3 and total acidity 0.7–0.8%.
Kimchi samples were collected and put into open pans and dried
in a hot air dryer (NA-20, NOA Co., Korea) at 5572 °C, 6072 °C
and 6572 °C, respectively. On the other hand, kimchi samples
were also dried by freeze dryer (Freeze-dryer, Bondiro DC1316
Iishin Lab Co., LTD). The samples were dehydrated until they
reached a constant weight (10% final moisture) for 12 h at
5572 °C, for 10 h at 6072 °C and for 8.5 hours at 6572 °C, and
for 24 h at freeze dryer, respectively. Finally, hot air and freeze
dried kimchi were finely pulverized to a particle size of 80 mesh
and the powder was kept in the freezer at 80 °C until further
used. All processing was conducted in triplicate.