Some researchers would claim that such abnormal returns can only be explained by increased systematic risk (e.g. Sharpe [1964] Lintner [1965] and Black [1972]). Chen and Zhang (1998) do find that value stocks are riskier due to factors such as financial distress and high financial leverage. On the other hand, since most studies show that these abnormal results are not due to increased levels of risk, researchers often refer to them as market anomalies that clearly contradict the Efficient Market Hypothesis (Lakonishok et. al. [1994], Chan and Lakonishok [2004] and Capaul et. al. [1993]). As these market anomalies has become widely known there is also numerous studies that tries to explain them -both directly and indirectly- and there are numerous explanations for these results. Bartov and Kim (2004) claim that financial analysts are overly pessimistic about value stocks at the same time as they are overly optimistic about growth stocks. Other studies have shown that stock markets overreact to information (Barberis et. al. [1998], Jegadeesh and Titman [1995] and DeBondt and Thaler [1985, 1987]) which could imply that stocks that have low market-to-book or low price-to-earnings ratios due to past events might be undervalued by overreacting investors. Lakonishok et. al. (1994) suggests that value strategies earn superior returns due to the fact that investors’ expectations are extrapolated from recent past performance. This could imply that stocks that have temporary problems or poor performance suffers from investors that have unrealistically low expectations of the companies’ future performance. Further, Dreman and Berry (1995) show that earnings announcements have a systematically more positive effect on value stocks suggesting that there is a mispricing (overreaction) prior to the announcement and a corrective movement after the surprise. This systematically more positive effect of earnings announcements for value stocks is also supported by La Porta et. al. (1997).